Can probiotics solve all your health concerns? The truth is, probiotics are one of the most complex natural supplements because each probiotic varies greatly from the other. It's not as simple as picking a probiotic your best friend recommended because it worked perfectly for them. Choosing the best one depends on your unique symptoms. So, when should you take probiotics?
Probiotics, or "good bacteria," are living species that naturally reside in our digestive tract. Each type of bacteria has a different effect on our bodies, so we need a good balance of various species to maintain a healthy gut. When your gut bacteria become unbalanced, you may experience symptoms such as an upset stomach, weight changes, difficulty sleeping, food intolerances, diarrhea, or constipation. When this occurs, you may need to supply your body with a healthy dose of good bacteria.
In this article, we'll answer the common questions about probiotics and learn about the best practices for taking them. We will also explore the health issues that probiotics can address, understand the optimal times to support your gut health, and find out about the safety of probiotics and their potential side effects.
What Are Probiotics?
Probiotics are live microorganisms, often referred to as "good" or "friendly" bacteria, that provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. They are commonly found in fermented foods and dietary supplements.
How Do Probiotics Benefit Digestive Health?
Probiotics help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria, which is crucial for digestive health. They can aid in preventing and treating diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and other gastrointestinal issues.
Are Probiotics Safe for Everyone?
Most people can safely consume probiotics, but they may not be suitable for individuals with certain health conditions, such as severe illnesses or compromised immune systems. It's always best to consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.
Probiotics vs. Prebiotics: Which Is Better?
Both probiotics and prebiotics play essential roles in maintaining gut health. Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria, while prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that feed these bacteria. A combination of both is often recommended for optimal gut health.
What Strain to Look Out for When Buying Probiotics?
When buying probiotics, look for strains like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are well-researched and have proven health benefits. Different strains have different effects, so choose one that matches your health needs. More specifically, a number of strains are known to be histamine degrading - meaning they may help reduce the severity of autoimmune conditions or food intolerances. However, some strains can promote histamine production, too. It's important to research each specific strain within a supplement to determine which option might be best for you.
Do You Need a Doctor's Prescription to Buy Probiotics?
Generally, you do not need a doctor's prescription to buy probiotics, as they are available over the counter. However, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable to choose the right product for your needs.
Do Probiotics Need to Be Refrigerated?
Some probiotics require refrigeration to maintain their potency, while others are shelf-stable. Always check the label and store probiotics according to the manufacturer's instructions to ensure their effectiveness.
Are Probiotics Safe?
Although probiotics can improve many unpleasant symptoms, they can sometimes cause more harm than good. Before taking any probiotics, make sure to consult with your healthcare practitioner so they can help you choose the best option.
References
Akgul, T., & Karakan, T. (2018). The role of probiotics in women with recurrent urinary tract infections. Turkish Journal of Urology, 44(5), 377–383. https://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2018.48742
Amara, A., & Shibl, A. (2015). Role of Probiotics in health improvement, infection control and disease treatment and management. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 23(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2013.07.001
Clapp, M., Aurora, N., Herrera, L., Bhatia, M., Wilen, E., & Wakefield, S. (2017). Gut microbiota's effect on mental health: The Gut-Brain axis. Clinics and Practice, 7(4), 987. https://doi.org/10.4081/cp.2017.987
Ellis, T. (2022, December 29). Can I take probiotics without asking a doctor? Wellgard. https://wellgard.co.uk/blogs/health-insiders/can-i-take-probiotics-without-asking-a-doctor
Hemarajata, P., & Versalovic, J. (2012). Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, 6(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283x12459294
Kothari, D., Patel, S., & Kim, S. (2019). Probiotic supplements might not be universally-effective and safe: A review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 111, 537–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.104
Kumar, L. S., Pugalenthi, L. S., Ahmad, M., Reddy, S., Barkhane, Z., & Elmadi, J. (2022). Probiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A review of their therapeutic role. Curēus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.24240
Kwoji, I. D., Aiyegoro, O. A., Okpeku, M., & Adeleke, M. A. (2021). Multi-Strain Probiotics: Synergy among Isolates Enhances Biological Activities. Biology, 10(4), 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10040322
Lactobacillus acidophilus. (n.d.). Mount Sinai Health System. https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/supplement/lactobacillus-acidophilus
Lactobacillus acidophilus (Oral route) side effects - Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/lactobacillus-acidophilus-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20310912?p=1
Latif, A., Shehzad, A., Niazi, S., Zahid, A., Ashraf, W., Iqbal, M. W., Rehman, A., Riaz, T., Aadil, R. M., Khan, I. M., Özogul, F., Rocha, J. M., Esatbeyoglu, T., & Korma, S. A. (2023). Probiotics: mechanism of action, health benefits and their application in food industries. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216674
Maftei, N., Raileanu, C. R., Balta, A. A., Ambrose, L., Boev, M., Marin, D. B., & Lisa, E. L. (2024). The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An update on Their Health-Promoting Properties. Microorganisms, 12(2), 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020234
Mazziotta, C., Tognon, M., Martini, F., Torreggiani, E., & Rotondo, J. C. (2023). Probiotics mechanism of action on immune cells and beneficial effects on human health. Cells, 12(1), 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12010184
Mbbs, G. S. M. (2024, April 3). What are prebiotics and probiotics, and what foods contain them? Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE. https://www.nebraskamed.com/gastrointestinal-care/what-prebiotics-and-probiotics-are-and-the-foods-that-contain-them
Merkouris, E., Mavroudi, T., Miliotas, D., Tsiptsios, D., Serdari, A., Christidi, F., Doskas, T. K., Mueller, C., & Tsamakis, K. (2024). Probiotics' effects in the Treatment of anxiety and Depression: A Comprehensive Review of 2014–2023 clinical trials. Microorganisms, 12(2), 411. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020411
Ms, H. P. (2023, July 3). 11 probiotic foods that are super healthy. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/11-super-healthy-probiotic-foods
Office of Dietary Supplements - Probiotics. (n.d.). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Probiotics-HealthProfessional/
Özdemir, Ö., & Erol, A. Y. G. (2013). Preventative and therapeutic probiotic use in allergic skin conditions: experimental and clinical findings. BioMed Research International, 2013, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/932391
Probiotics and Side Effects - an in-depth review | Professionals. (n.d.). https://www.optibacprobiotics.com/professionals/faqs/recommend-better/are-there-side-effects-to-probiotics
Rao, S. S. C., Rehman, A., Yu, S., & De Andino, N. M. (2018). Brain fogginess, gas and bloating: a link between SIBO, probiotics and metabolic acidosis. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 9(6), e162. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41424-018-0030-7
Rdn, C. F. M. (2021, July 27). Probiotic supplements: refrigerate or not? https://internationalprobiotics.org/home/refrigerator/
Risks and benefits of probiotics. (2023, September 14). WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/probiotics-risks-benefits
Rodgers, B., Kirley, K., & Mounsey, A. (2013, March 1). Prescribing an antibiotic? Pair it with probiotics. PubMed Central (PMC). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3601687/
Tompkins, T., Mainville, I., & Arcand, Y. (2011). The impact of meals on a probiotic during transit through a model of the human upper gastrointestinal tract. Beneficial Microbes, 2(4), 295–303. https://doi.org/10.3920/bm2011.0022
Upton, S. (2022, December 6). Fridge vs shelf stable probiotics – everything you need to know. Inner Health. https://innerhealth.com.au/blogs/gut-health/fridge-vs-shelf-stable-probiotics-everything-you-need-to-know
Vincent Giampapa, MD. (2022, January 27). 11 Signs Your Probiotics are Working. HealthyCell. https://www.healthycell.com/blogs/articles/11-signs-your-probiotics-are-working
Vogel, K. (2023, September 15). Should you take probiotics with antibiotics? New research answers common question. Health. https://www.health.com/should-you-take-probiotics-with-antibiotics-7642362
Website, N. (2022, December 2). Probiotics. nhs.uk. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/probiotics/
Yan, F., & Polk, D. (2011). Probiotics and immune health. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 27(6), 496–501. https://doi.org/10.1097/mog.0b013e32834baa4d
You, S., Ma, Y., Yan, B., Pei, W., Wu, Q., Ding, C., & Huang, C. (2022). The promotion mechanism of prebiotics for probiotics: A review. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1000517
Zikou, E., Dovrolis, N., Dimosthenopoulos, C., Gazouli, M., & Makrilakis, K. (2023). The Effect of Probiotic Supplements on Metabolic Parameters of People with Type 2 Diabetes in Greece—A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients, 15(21), 4663. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214663